Analgesics

Analgesics

They are also known as painkillers. Analgesics refer to a group of drugs used to relieve pain temporarily. They block pain signals by changing how the brain interprets the signals and slowing down the central nervous system.  There are two main types of analgesics: non-narcotic and narcotic.

Adverse effects: pain relief, drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, loss of balance, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite.

Non-narcotic analgesics are used to reduce pain from headache, cold, flu, arthritis and many other conditions. They normally do not require a prescription and can be purchased over the counter (OTC). When taken for no more than 10 days, these drugs can be a safe and effective method of reducing pain and fever.

There are two major types: acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Aspirin, Ibuprofen and naproxen sodium).

Acetaminophen relieves aches, pains and fever, but does not reduce swelling (inflammation). It is easier on the stomach than some other pain medications and is safer for children to use. If taken for a long period of time or in larger than recommended doses, acetaminophen can lead to liver or kidney damage. High doses can lead to liver failure and death.

Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are useful for relieving pain, fever and inflammation. Acetyl salicylic acid has a stronger anti-blood clotting effect, making it useful as a blood thinner.  NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation and causes ulcers or internal bleeding.

Narcotic analgesics are also known as Opioids analgesics. They are used in medicine as strong analgesics, for relief of severe or chronic pain. Other medical uses include control of coughs (codeine, hydro codeine) and treatment of addiction to other Opioids (methadone). Some opioids, such as morphine and codeine are made from opium, a thick white liquid extracted from the unripe seeds of the opium poppy. Other opioids are methadone, meperidine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, pentazocine, propoxyphene, hydrocodone.